My opinion : All current evidence supports the Big Bang theory, but it is very difficult if no impossible to understand and really prove such a set of ideas and theories. How to believe something that you don't understand...??? Because the big question is: And why this singularity of pure energy to be transformed to mass plus energy, that is the universe??? What was the cause??? Huge uncertainty and no answers....
The Universe… with no beginning?
A new quantum equation challenges one of science’s biggest ideas — the Big Bang.
According to some theoretical physicists, the universe might not have exploded into existence at a single moment. Instead, it could have always existed, evolving endlessly through time without a true beginning or end.
This fascinating concept merges quantum mechanics with general relativity, hinting that our universe might be far more timeless and mysterious than we ever imagined.
We could summarize the current approaches as follows:
Some quantum research proposes models where the Big Bang's initial singularity is avoided, suggesting the universe has no beginning and no end, but rather a "big bounce" from a previous state. These theories apply quantum mechanics to general relativity to describe a universe that may have always existed, potentially filled with a "quantum fluid" and avoiding the need for a true singularity. However, the standard Big Bang model is still the prevailing theory among cosmologists, although what happened exactly at "time zero" remains a subject of active research.
Quantum corrections: Models that incorporate quantum effects into Einstein's theory of general relativity can eliminate the need for an initial singularity.
"Big Bounce" alternative: Instead of a bang, these theories suggest the universe may have been in a collapsed state and "bounced" into its current expanding phase.
Infinite age: Some models propose the universe is infinite in age, having always existed in some form, as quantum effects prevent it from having an infinite density at a starting point.
Uncertainty: The current scientific consensus still supports the Big Bang theory, but researchers are exploring these alternative models to understand the universe's earliest moments, which are still not fully understood.